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Ethereum CLI Cheatsheet

Ethereum CLI Cheatsheet

Essential commands for Ethereum development using Geth, web3.js, and Hardhat

Cryptocurrency

Ethereum CLI Cheatsheet

Essential commands for Ethereum development using Geth, web3.js, and Hardhat.

Geth (Go Ethereum)

Installation

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ethereum

# macOS
brew tap ethereum/ethereum
brew install ethereum

Node Management

# Start mainnet node
geth

# Start testnet (Sepolia)
geth --sepolia

# Start with HTTP RPC
geth --http --http.addr "0.0.0.0" --http.port 8545

# Start with WebSocket
geth --ws --ws.addr "0.0.0.0" --ws.port 8546

# Start light client
geth --syncmode "light"

# Start with custom data directory
geth --datadir /path/to/data

Account Management

# Create new account
geth account new

# List accounts
geth account list

# Import private key
geth account import /path/to/key

# Update account password
geth account update <address>

Console Operations

# Attach to running node
geth attach

# Attach to IPC
geth attach ipc:/path/to/geth.ipc

# Attach to HTTP RPC
geth attach http://localhost:8545

# Execute JavaScript file
geth js script.js

JavaScript Console Commands

// Check balance
eth.getBalance("0xAddress")

// Get account list
eth.accounts

// Send transaction
eth.sendTransaction({
  from: eth.accounts[0],
  to: "0xRecipient",
  value: web3.toWei(1, "ether")
})

// Get block number
eth.blockNumber

// Get block info
eth.getBlock(12345)

// Get transaction
eth.getTransaction("0xTxHash")

// Unlock account
personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "password", 300)

// Create account
personal.newAccount("password")

// Get network ID
net.version

// Get peer count
net.peerCount

// Mining
miner.start()
miner.stop()

Hardhat

Installation & Setup

# Install Hardhat
npm install --save-dev hardhat

# Initialize project
npx hardhat init

# Install plugins
npm install --save-dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox

Project Commands

# Compile contracts
npx hardhat compile

# Clean artifacts
npx hardhat clean

# Run tests
npx hardhat test

# Run specific test
npx hardhat test test/MyContract.test.js

# Run tests with gas reporter
REPORT_GAS=true npx hardhat test

# Check contract size
npx hardhat size-contracts

Network & Node

# Start local node
npx hardhat node

# Run script on network
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network localhost
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network sepolia
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network mainnet

# Get accounts
npx hardhat accounts --network localhost

Console

# Start console
npx hardhat console

# Start console on network
npx hardhat console --network localhost
npx hardhat console --network sepolia

Verification

# Verify contract on Etherscan
npx hardhat verify --network mainnet DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_ADDRESS "Constructor arg 1"

# Verify with multiple arguments
npx hardhat verify --network sepolia 0xAddress "arg1" 123 "arg3"

Deployment

# Deploy script
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js

# Deploy to specific network
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network sepolia

# Deploy with specific account
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network mainnet

Cast (Foundry)

Installation

# Install Foundry
curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
foundryup

Query Blockchain

# Get balance
cast balance 0xAddress

# Get balance in ether
cast balance 0xAddress --ether

# Get block number
cast block-number

# Get block
cast block latest
cast block 12345

# Get transaction
cast tx 0xTxHash

# Get transaction receipt
cast receipt 0xTxHash

# Get code at address
cast code 0xAddress

# Get storage slot
cast storage 0xAddress 0

Contract Interaction

# Call contract (read)
cast call 0xContract "balanceOf(address)(uint256)" 0xAddress

# Send transaction (write)
cast send 0xContract "transfer(address,uint256)" 0xRecipient 1000000

# Estimate gas
cast estimate 0xContract "transfer(address,uint256)" 0xRecipient 1000

# Get ABI
cast abi 0xContract

Utilities

# Convert to hex
cast --to-hex 123456

# Convert from hex
cast --to-dec 0x1e240

# Convert to wei
cast --to-wei 1 ether

# Convert from wei
cast --from-wei 1000000000000000000

# Keccak256 hash
cast keccak "Hello World"

# ABI encode
cast abi-encode "transfer(address,uint256)" 0xAddress 1000

# ABI decode
cast abi-decode "transfer(address,uint256)" 0xData

Web3.js CLI

Installation

npm install -g web3-cli

Basic Commands

# Connect to node
web3 --rpc http://localhost:8545

# Get block number
web3 eth blockNumber

# Get balance
web3 eth getBalance 0xAddress

# Get transaction count
web3 eth getTransactionCount 0xAddress

# Get gas price
web3 eth gasPrice

# Send transaction
web3 eth sendTransaction '{"from":"0x...","to":"0x...","value":"1000000000000000000"}'

Common Tasks

Deploy Contract

// Hardhat deployment script
const { ethers } = require("hardhat");

async function main() {
  const Contract = await ethers.getContractFactory("MyContract");
  const contract = await Contract.deploy();
  await contract.deployed();
  console.log("Contract deployed to:", contract.address);
}

main();

Interact with Contract

// Hardhat console
const Contract = await ethers.getContractAt("MyContract", "0xAddress");
await Contract.myFunction();
const result = await Contract.myView();

Check Network

# Geth
geth attach --exec "net.version"

# Hardhat
npx hardhat run --network localhost scripts/check.js

# Cast
cast chain-id

Environment Variables

# .env file for Hardhat
INFURA_API_KEY=your_key
ALCHEMY_API_KEY=your_key
PRIVATE_KEY=your_private_key
ETHERSCAN_API_KEY=your_key

Useful Resources

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